Wednesday, October 16, 2013

Cães com sepse apresentam aumento da concentração da proteina C reativa, mas não da HMGB1 / Increased concentrations of C-reactive protein but not high-mobility group box 1 in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis

Research paper

Increased concentrations of C-reactive protein but not high-mobility group box 1 in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis

  • a Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Biomedical Centre, Box 575, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
  • b Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
  • c Department of Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
  • Abstract

    Sepsis is difficult to diagnose and remains a common mortality cause worldwide in both humans and animals. The uterine infection pyometra causes sepsis in more than half of affected dogs and therefore allows the natural physiological development of sepsis to be studied. To find a sepsis-specific biochemical marker that could be combined with conventional clinical criteria for a more robust and quick diagnosis of sepsis, we measured systemic concentrations of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in 23 healthy control dogs and in 27 dogs with pyometra, 74% of which had sepsis. We also measured concentrations of the major acute phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) and an indicator for endotoxaemia, prostaglandin Fmetabolite (PGM) to assess the relative contribution of HMGB1 to the detection of systemic inflammation and endotoxaemia. We found that HMGB1 concentrations, in line with concentrations of CRP and PGM, were significantly increased in dogs with pyometra, and that concentrations of CRP, but not HMGB1, were significantly higher in dogs with sepsis compared to dogs without sepsis. Although serum HMGB1 did not differ between dogs with or without sepsis and was not correlated with either CRP or PGM concentrations, HMGB1 was correlated with the total white blood cell counts, suggesting an independent regulation and involvement in inflammation.

    Keywords

    • Sepsis
    • SIRS
    • Biomarkers
    • Diagnostics
    • Cytokines
    • Canine/dog
    • Pyometra
    • Bacterial uterine infection;
    • Inflammation
    • HMGB1
    • CRP
    • PGM
    • Table 1. Clinical and laboratory variables in dogs with pyometra.a
      ParametersbP+SIRS+ (n = 20)P+SIRS (n = 7)Controls (n = 23)
      Body temp (°C)39.3 (38.9–39.7)38.5 (38.2–38.9)38.2 (38.1–38.3)
      HR (counts/min)100 (86.5–127)100 (85–100)96 (84–102)
      RR (counts/min)29 (24.5–82.5)16 (16–18)16 (16–21)
      WBC (cells ×109/L)20.7 (18.2–25.6)11.5 (10.4–14.2)9.8 (8.2–12)
      PBN (%)26.4 (10.8–74.7)16.8 (2.9–36.7)0.77 (0.0–4.76)
      Lymph (cells ×109/L)1.8 (1.0–2.6)1.45 (0.95–1.75)2.4 (1.7–3.3)
      Mono (cells ×109/L)2.35 (1.65–3.8)0.4 (0.25–1.6)0.4 (0.3–0.7)
      Eosin (cells ×109/L)0.0 (0.0–0.65)0.4 (0.05–0.6)0.5 (0.2–1.4)
      Baso (cells ×109/L)0.0 (0.0–0.0)0.0 (0.0–0.0)0.0 (0.0–0.1)
      ALAT (μkat/L)0.3 (0.2–0.4)0.4 (0.3–1.4)0.5 (0.4–0.7)
      Bile acids (g/L)1.85 (0.65–3.95)2.5 (0.8–2.6)3.8 (1.8–5.7)
      Crea (μmol/L)62 (54.5–76)53 (48–62)76 (61–80)


Friday, October 11, 2013

Hiperaldosteronismo em gatos

  1. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgeryvol. 7 no. 3 173-182

Primary hyperaldosteronism in the cat: A series of 13 cases

  1. Roderick Andrew, Ash, BVetMed, CertSAM, MBA, MRCVS1
  2. Andrea M Harvey, BVSc, CertSAM, MRCVS2
  3. Séverine Tasker, BSc, BVSc, PhD, DSAM, DipECVIM-CA, MRCVS2,*
  1. 1 Grove Lodge Veterinary Hospital, 18 Upper Brighton Road, Worthing, Sussex BN14 9DL, UK
  2. 2 The Feline Centre, School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
  1. * Tel: +44 117928 9558; Fax: +44 117928 9559. s.tasker@bristol.ac.uk

Abstract

Thirteen cases of feline primary hyperaldosteronism were diagnosed based on clinical signs, serum biochemistry, plasma aldosterone concentration, adrenal imaging and histopathology of adrenal tissue. Two cases presented with blindness caused by systemic hypertension, whilst the remaining 11 cases showed weakness resulting from hypokalaemic polymyopathy. Elevated concentrations of plasma aldosterone and adrenocortical neoplasia were documented in all cases. Seven cases had adrenal adenomas (unilateral in five and bilateral in two) and six had unilateral adrenal carcinomas. Three cases underwent medical treatment only with amlodipine, spironolactone and potassium gluconate; two cases survived for 304 and 984 days until they were euthanased because of chronic renal failure, whilst the third case was euthanased at 50 days following failure of the owner to medicate the cat. Ten cases underwent surgical adrenalectomy following a successful stabilisation period on medical management. Five cases remain alive at the time of writing with follow-up periods of between 240 and 1803 days. Three cases were euthanased during or immediately following surgery because of surgical-induced haemorrhage. One cat was euthanased 14 days after surgery because of generalised sepsis, whilst the remaining cat was euthanased 1045 days after surgery because of anorexia and the development of a cranial abdominal mass. It is recommended that primary hyperaldosteronism should be considered as a differential diagnosis in middle-aged and older cats with hypokalaemic polymyopathy and/or systemic hypertension and should no longer be considered a rare condition.
  • Accepted July 8, 2003.

Monday, October 7, 2013

Avaliação de uma técnica anestésica em cães submetidos a craniectomia para ressecção de tumores / Evaluation of an anaesthetic technique used in dogs undergoing craniectomy for tumour resection

Evaluation of an anaesthetic technique used in dogs undergoing craniectomy for tumour resection

  1. Anthea L Raisis BVSc, MRCVS, MACVS, DVA PhD1
  2. Elizabeth A Leece BVSC, MRCVS, CVA2
  3. Simon R Platt BVM+S, MRCVS, Diplomate ECVN, Diplomate ACVIM (Neurology)2
  4. Vicki J Adams DVM, BSc, MSc, PhD3
  5. Federico Corletto DVM, MRCVS, CVA2
  6. Jackie Brearley MA, VetMB, PhD, MRCA, MRCVS, DVA, Diplomate ECVA2
Article first published online: 16 APR 2007
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00318.x
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

Volume 34Issue 3pages 171–180May 2007

Abstract

Objective  To evaluate a total intravenous anaesthetic technique in dogs undergoing craniectomy.
Study design  Prospective clinical study.
Animals  Ten dogs admitted for elective surgical resection of rostro-tentorial tumours.
Methods  All dogs were premedicated with methadone, 0.2 mg kg−1 intramuscularly 30 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol administered intravenously (IV) to effect, following administration of lidocaine 1 mg kg−1 IV and maintained with a continuous infusion of propofol at ≤0.4 mg kg−1 minute−1 during instrumentation and preparation and during movement of the animals to recovery. During surgery, anaesthesia was maintained using a continuous infusion of propofol at ≤0.4 mg kg−1 minute−1and alfentanil ≤1 μg kg−1 minute−1. Lidocaine was administered at 1 mg kg−1 IV immediately prior to extubation. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were recorded prior to induction and every 5 minutes throughout preparation and surgery. Central venous pressure was recorded every 5 minutes throughout surgery.
Results  Administration of propofol and lidocaine prevented significant increases in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR during endotracheal intubation and extubation. Adequate MAP was maintained throughout anaesthesia. Recovery was smooth and excitement free. There was no association between duration of anaesthesia, total drugs administered, or severity of neurological disease and recovery times. Postoperatively there was no deterioration in neurological function in the immediate postoperative period with complete resolution of pre-existing neurological deficits within 7 days of surgery.
Conclusion  This technique provided minimal response to intubation and extubation, adequate arterial blood pressure and a smooth predictable recovery. All animals were neurologically improved by the time of discharge, suggesting that this technique had not caused significant neuronal damage.
Clinical relevance  Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and alfentanil appears to be a satisfactory anaesthetic technique for use in dogs undergoing surgery for debulking/removal of rostro-tentorial tumours.


Abcesso pancreático em 36 cães: Uma análise retrospectiva dos indicadores prognósticos / Pancreatic Abscess in 36 Dogs: A Retrospective Analysis of Prognostic Indicators

Current Issue Cover


Pancreatic Abscess in 36 Dogs: A Retrospective Analysis of Prognostic Indicators

  1. S. Kathleen Salisbury, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVS
  1. Abstract

    Thirty-six dogs were diagnosed with pancreatic abscess by the presence of purulent exudate within the parenchyma of the pancreas during exploratory laparotomy. Data regarding history, physical examination findings, clinicopathological data, diagnostic imaging findings, bacteriological culture results, abdominal drainage technique, and perioperative treatment were evaluated for factors predictive of survival. Elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and rising bicarbonate ion concentration were each found to have statistically significant (P<0.05) influences on survival to discharge. Twenty-two (71%) of 36 dogs died or were euthanized prior to discharge from the hospital.