Monday, May 18, 2015

Hiponatremia em cães e gatos: incidência, gravidade e prognóstico - Incidence, Severity and Prognosis Associated with Hyponatremia in Dogs and Cats

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Incidence, Severity and Prognosis Associated with Hyponatremia in Dogs and Cats

  1. Y. Ueda1,*
  2. K. Hopper2 and
  3. S.E. Epstein2
Article first published online: 13 MAY 2015
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12581
Article has an altmetric score of 2


Keywords:

  • Dysnatremia;
  • Osmolality;
  • Sodium;
  • Water balance

Background

Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in human patients and is associated with substantial morbidity and death. The incidence and importance of hyponatremia in dogs and cats has not been determined.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To describe the incidence of and prognosis associated with hyponatremia in dogs and cats at a university teaching hospital.

Animals

Of 16,691 dogs and 4,211 cats with measured blood or serum sodium concentration.

Methods

Retrospective study. Medical records of animals with a blood or serum sodium concentration measured during a 60-month period were reviewed to determine the severity of hyponatremia and its associated fatality rate. Cases with moderate (11–15 mmol/L below the reference range) or severe hyponatremia (≥16 mmol/L below the reference range) were further reviewed.

Results

Of 4,254 dogs (25.5%) and 2,081 cats (49.4%) were diagnosed with hyponatremia. Case fatality rates of dogs and cats with hyponatremia were 13.7% and 11.9%, respectively, compared to 4.4% and 4.5% with a normal blood or serum sodium concentration (P < 0.0001). The magnitude of hyponatremia was linearly associated with a higher case fatality rate (P < 0.0001). Hyponatremia was associated with a lower case fatality rate than hypernatremia in the same population. Among the animals with moderate or severe hyponatremia, 92.1% of dogs and 90.6% of cats presented with community-acquired hyponatremia, and 7.9% of dogs and 9.4% of cats developed hospital-acquired hyponatremia.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Hyponatremia was found commonly in this population and was associated with increased case fatality rate. Presence and severity of hyponatremia might be useful as a prognostic indicator.