You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article

2010 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Leptospirosis: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention

1. J.E. Sykes¹, 
2. K. Hartmann², 
3. K.F. Lunn³,
4. G.E. Moore⁴, 
5. R.A. Stoddard⁵, 
6. R.E. Goldstein⁶

Article first published online: 13 DEC 2010

DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0654.x

Copyright © 2010 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Issue

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Volume 25, Issue 1, pages 1–13, January/February 2011

Additional Information(Show All)

How to CiteAuthor InformationPublication History

1. This document has been endorsed by the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or ISCAID.
2. 
   
3. Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide the veterinary community with up-to-date information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically important animal diseases. The ACVIM Board of Regents oversees selection of relevant topics, identification of panel members with the expertise to draft the statements, and other aspects of assuring the integrity of the process. The statements are derived from evidence-based medicine whenever possible and the panel offers interpretive comments when such evidence is inadequate or contradictory. A draft is prepared by the panel, followed by solicitation of input by the ACVIM membership which may be incorporated into the statement. It is then submitted to the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, where it is edited prior to publication. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the statements.

Characterization of acute kidney injury in hospitalized dogs and evaluation of a veterinary acute kidney injury staging system Thoen 2011 Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Wiley Online Library

Characterization of acute kidney injury in hospitalized dogs and evaluation of a veterinary acute kidney injury staging system Thoen 2011 Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Wiley Online Library

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association December 1, 2012, Vol. 241, No. 11, Pages 1479-1483 doi: 10.2460/javma.241.11.1479 Seizures following head trauma in dogs: 259 cases (1999–2009) Steven G. Friedenberg, MBA, DVM; Amy L. Butler, DVM, MS, DACVECC; Lai Wei, PhD; Sarah A. Moore, DVM, DACVIM; Edward S. Cooper, VMD, MS, DACVECC Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. (Friedenberg, Butler, Moore, Cooper); Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. (Wei) The authors thank Celia Ruckel, Bobbi Schmidt, and Krystal Phillips for their assistance in searching the medical records database and obtaining files for review. Address correspondence to Dr. Friedenberg (friedenberg.4@osu.edu). Objective—To determine whether dogs with head trauma have a greater incidence of seizures than the general canine patient population. Design—Retrospective case series. Animals—259 client-owned dogs. Procedures—Medical records of dogs evaluated for head trauma at The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed. Data were collected regarding the cause of the head trauma, physical examination and neurologic examination findings, comorbidities, and the development of seizures during hospitalization. A telephone survey was conducted to question owners regarding the development of seizures after discharge. Relationships between the nature of the head trauma and the development of seizures were then examined. Results—3.5% of dogs with head trauma developed in-hospital seizures, and 6.8% of dogs with head trauma for which follow-up information was available developed seizures after hospital discharge, compared with an epilepsy rate of 1.4% in our hospital. Dogs that developed in-hospital seizures were significantly more likely to have been hit by a car or experienced acceleration-deceleration injury. Additionally, 10% of dogs with traumatic brain injury had in-hospital seizures. No visit or patient characteristics were significantly associated with the development of out-of-hospital seizures. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs with head trauma may develop seizures at a greater rate than dogs in the general canine patient population. Particularly in the immediate to early posttraumatic period, clinicians should remain vigilant for the development of posttraumatic seizures and treat patients accordingly. Full Text PDF (252 KB) PDF Plus (253 KB)

Published in Volume 78, Issue 1 (July 1986)
J Clin Invest. 1986;78(1):259–270. doi:10.1172/JCI112559.
Copyright © 1986, The American Society for Clinical Investigation.

Research Article

Gram-negative bacteremia produces both severe systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction in a canine model that simulates human septic shock.

C Natanson, M P Fink, H K Ballantyne, T J MacVittie, J J Conklin andJ E Parrillo

Published July 1986

A canine sepsis model that simulates the human cardiovascular response to septic shock was produced in 10 conscious unsedated dogs by implanting an Escherichia coli-infected clot into the peritoneum, resulting in bacteremia. By employing serial, simultaneous measurements of radionuclide scan-determined left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and thermodilution cardiac index (CI), the end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) was calculated (EDVI = stroke volume index divided by EF). By using three different methods of quantifying serial ventricular performance (EF, shifts in the Starling ventricular function curve using EDVI vs. stroke work index, and the ventricular function curve response to volume infusion), this study provides evidence (P less than 0.01) that septic shock produces a profound, but reversible, decrease in systolic ventricular performance. This decreased performance was not seen in controls and was associated with ventricular dilatation (P less than 0.01); the latter response was dependent on an adequate volume infusion. Further studies of EDVI and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during diastole revealed a significant, though reversible, shift (P less than 0.001) in the diastolic volume/pressure (or compliance) relationship during septic shock.

HEPATIC ABSCESSES IN 13 DOGS: A REVIEW OF THE ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS, CLINICAL DATA AND THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS

1. Leslie A. Schwarz DVM¹, 
2. Dominique G. Penninck DVM^1,*, 
3. Cynthia Leveille-Webster DVM²

Article first published online: 23 MAY 2005

DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01621.x

Issue

Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound

Volume 39, Issue 4, pages 357–365, July 1998

Additional Information(Show All)

How to CiteAuthor InformationPublication History

SEARCH

Search ScopeAll contentPublication titlesIn this journalIn this issueBy Citation

Search String

• Advanced >
• Saved Searches >

ARTICLE TOOLS

• Get PDF (1445K)
• Save to My Profile
• E-mail Link to this Article
• Export Citation for this Article
• Get Citation Alerts
• Request Permissions

More Sharing ServicesShare|Share on citeulikeShare on connoteaShare on deliciousShare on www.mendeley.comShare on twitter

• Abstract
• References
• Cited By

Get PDF (1445K)

Keywords:

• liver;
• abscess;
• dogs;
• ultrasonography;
• percutaneous aspiration

Historical, physical examination, clinicopathologic, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of 13 dogs with hepatic abscesses were reviewed. Liver abscessation was characterized by number, size, shape, echogenicity and location. Solitary lesions greater than 3 cm were more common than multiple ones. The abscesses were mainly poorly echogenic lesions, often with central cavitation. The shape of the lesion ranged from round to oval or irregular. Enhancement artifact, abdominal effusion, regional lymphadenopathy and hyperechoic perihepatic fat, were identified in several dogs. Ultrasound-guided aspiration was performed in 10 of 13 dogs, and confirmed abscessation with cytologic and microbiologic evaluation. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage of abscesses was performed as an adjunct to medical management in four dogs.

J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1996 Jan 15;208(2):243-7.

Hepatic abscesses in dogs: 14 cases (1982-1994).

Farrar ET, Washabau RJ, Saunders HM.

Source

Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

To determine typical clinical signs and clinicopathologic findings in dogs with hepatic abscesses, to assess outcome of treatment, and to evaluate the role that abdominal ultrasonography has in the diagnosis of hepatic abscesses indogs and in monitoring response to treatment.

DESIGN:

Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS:

14 dogs with hepatic abscesses.

RESULTS:

Anorexia and lethargy were the most common historical complaints, followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Physical abnormalities included fever, dehydration, signs of abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and mucosal bleeding. Hematologic abnormalities included leukocytosis with neutrophilia, mild to moderate thrombocytopenia, and mild anemia. Serum biochemical abnormalities included high alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities and high bilirubin concentration; hypoalbuminemia and prolonged coagulation values were also reported. Abdominal radiography revealed hepatomegaly, poor abdominal detail, a hepatic mass, or splenomegaly in 9 dogs. Thoracic radiography revealed alveolar consolidation or mixed bronchial/interstitial pulmonary patterns in 6 dogs. Hypoechoic, heteroechoic, or hyperechoic masses were identified in all dogs in which ultrasonography was performed. Escherichia coli, Clostridium sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and S intermedius were the most common bacteria isolated from hepaticabscesses. Concurrent infections were identified in the biliary tract, spleen, blood, endocardium, lung, prostate gland, peritoneum, lymph nodes, salivary gland, or brain of several dogs. Seven dogs died or were euthanatized before definitive treatment could be initiated. One dog was successfully treated with antibiotics and was alive 12 months after medical treatment. Six dogs were treated surgically (ie, full or partial liver lobectomy, drainage, abdominal lavage) and medically (ie, antibiotic administration). Five of these dogs survived and were alive 12 months after surgery. Ultrasonography was used to monitor response to treatment in several dogs.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS:

Hepatic abscesses are rare in dogs, but the clinical signs and clinicopathologic findings are similar to other inflammatory hepatic disease. Ultrasonography revealed abnormalities in all animals in which imaging studies were performed, and was successfully used to monitor response to treatment in several dogs. Medical and surgical treatments were used successfully to treat hepatic abscesses in dogs.

Managing Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders in Renal Failure

• Cathy Langston, DVM

Nephrology, Urology, and Hemodialysis Unit, Animal Medical Center, 510 E. 62nd Street, New York, NY 10065, USA

• Abstract
• Full Text
• PDF
• References

Because of the role of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis in the body, kidney failure leads to derangements of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. The most effective therapy of a uremic crisis is careful management of fluid balance, which involves thoughtful assessment of hydration, a fluid treatment plan personalized for the specific patient, repeated and frequent reassessment of fluid and electrolyte balance, and appropriate changes in the treatment plan in response to the rapidly changing clinical situation of the patient that has renal failure. Disorders of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus are commonly encountered in renal failure and may be life threatening. Treatment of metabolic acidosis and nutritional support are frequently needed.

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice
Volume 38, Issue 3 , Pages 677-697, May 2008

Standard Article

Prognostic Factors and a Prognostic Index for Cats with Acute Kidney Injury

1. Y.-J. Lee^1,2, 
2. J.P.-W. Chan¹, 
3. W.-L. Hsu^3,4,
4. K.-W. Lin², 
5. C.-C. Chang^3,4,*

Article first published online: 10 APR 2012

DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00920.x

Copyright © 2012 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Issue

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Volume 26, Issue 3, pages 500–505, May-June 2012

Additional Information(Show All)

Background

The clinical manifestations of acute kidney injury (AKI) range from mild to fatal in cats; however, prognosis factors have been rarely studied.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To find the clinical factors significantly correlated with the outcome among cats with AKI and to develop a simple prognostic index.

Animals

Seventy cats with AKI were recruited.

Methods

Demographic and clinicopathological data obtained from 70 cats with AKI were retrospectively collected. Student's t-test or Mann–WhitneyU-test and Pearson chi-square test or Fisher's exact were applied to determine the factors associated with survival in cats with AKI. Using logistic regression, the statistically significant factors associated with prognosis were identified and a new prediction model was generated.

Results

The overall case fatality rate was 64% (45/70). The results showed that nonsurviving cats had significantly lower levels of PCV, WBC, RBC, LDH and albumin, a lower albumin/globulin ratio, lower blood glucose, and a reduced body temperature, as well as being older. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations were not statistically significant as prognostic factors, but a decrease in these 2 variables in 3 days was significantly related to a reduction in death. A summary prognostic index including body temperature and LDH and albumin concentrations had area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for predicting death of 0.86 (P < .05) and a cut-off value of 0.82, a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 90%.

Conclusions

The prognosis in cats with AKI is quite different from that found for human and dogs.

At the Bedside in the ICU: Knowing What to Do and Who to Believe

We are not only what we read... we are how we read

http://sccmmedia.sccm.org/video/Congress/CCC42/Plenary/Kavanagh.mp4