Friday, August 30, 2013

Pneumotorax espontâneo em 35 gatos / Spontaneous pneumothorax in 35 cats


Spontaneous pneumothorax in 35 cats (2001–2010)

  1. Erin T Mooney1,2
  2. Elizabeth A Rozanski1
  3. Ryan GP King1,2
  4. Claire R Sharp1
  1. 1Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
  2. 2Tufts Veterinary Emergency Treatment and Specialties, Walpole, MA, USA
  1. Elizabeth Rozanski DVM, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westborough Road, North Grafton, MA 02081, USA Email:elizabeth.rozanski@tufts.edu

Abstract

Thirty-five cases of spontaneous pneumothorax were reviewed. In contrast to dogs, cats with an established etiology all had spontaneous pneumothorax associated with lung disease. Underlying diseases identified in affected cats included inflammatory airway disease, neoplasia, heartworm infection, pulmonary abscess and lungworm infection. Many cats were managed successfully with observation alone or needle thoracocentesis and specific therapy for their primary lung disease. Cats who present with spontaneous pneumothorax may be treated successfully with non-surgical therapies and appear to have a better prognosis than previously extrapolated from canine studies.
  • Accepted January 30, 2012.


Monday, August 19, 2013

Avaliação cardiológica pré e pós operatória em cães submetidos a lobectomia e pneumonectomia / Pre- and post-operative cardiac evaluation of dogs undergoing lobectomy and pneumonectomy

Logo of jvetsci

J Vet Sci. 2010 September; 11(3): 257–264.
Published online 2010 August 17. doi:  10.4142/jvs.2010.11.3.257
PMCID: PMC2924488

Pre- and post-operative cardiac evaluation of dogs undergoing lobectomy and pneumonectomy

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the influence of lobectomy and pneumonectomy on cardiac rhythm and on the dimensions and function of the right-side of the heart. Twelve dogs undergoing lobectomy and eight dogs undergoing pneumonectomy were evaluated preoperatively and one month postoperatively with electrocardiography and Doppler echocardiography at rest. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was estimated by the tricuspid regurgitation jet (TRJ) via the pulse wave Doppler velocity method. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria (SIRS) were also evaluated based on the clinical and hematological findings in response to lobectomy and pneumonectomy. Following lobectomy and pneumonectomy, we predominantly detected atrial fibrillation and varying degrees of atrioventricular block (AVB). Dogs that died within seven days of the lobectomy (n = 2) or pneumonectomy (n = 1) had complete AVB. Preoperative right atrial, right ventricular, and pulmonary artery dimensions increased gradually during the 30 days (p<0.05) following pneumonectomy, but did not undergo significant changes during that same period after lobectomy. Mean PASP was 56.0 ± 4.5 mmHg in dogs having significant TRJ after pneumonectomy. Pneumonectomy, but not lobectomy, could lead to increases (p<0.01) in the SIRS score within the first day post-surgery. In brief, it is important to conduct pre- and postoperative cardiac evaluation of dogs undergoing lung resections because cardiac problems are a common postoperative complication after such surgeries. In particular, complete AVB should be considered a life-threatening complication after pneumonectomy and lobectomy. In addition, pneumonectomy appears to increase the likelihood of pulmonary hypertension development in dogs.
Keywords: dog, heart function, lobectomy, pneumonectomy, pulmonary hypertension

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Wednesday, August 14, 2013

Indicações, desfechos e complicações após a toracotomia lateral em cães e gatos / Indications, outcomes and complications following lateral thoracotomy in dogs and cats

Indications, outcomes and complications following lateral thoracotomy in dogs and cats

  1. A. L. Moores, 
  2. Z. J. Halfacree, 
  3. S. J. Baines,
  4. V. J. Lipscomb
Article first published online: 28 NOV 2007
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00417.x
Journal of Small Animal Practice

Journal of Small Animal Practice

Volume 48Issue 12pages 695–698December 2007

ObjectivesLateral thoracotomy is widely used for surgical management of thoracic diseases in small animals. The purpose of this paper is to describe the indications for lateral thoracotomy in dogs and cats and the associated outcomes and complications.
MethodsMedical records of animals undergoing lateral thoracotomy were reviewed and owners contacted regarding complications and survival. Relationships between signalment and treatment variables and outcome variables were investigated.
ResultsSeventy dogs and 13 cats underwent lateral thoracotomy. Sixty-two per cent of cats and 91 per cent of dogs survived to discharge. Survival to discharge was significantly lower in cats than dogs, for neoplastic than non-neoplastic disease and in older animals. Survival to discharge was higher in animals undergoing patent ductus arteriosus ligation than in those undergoing lung lobectomy or oesophageal surgery. Survival to discharge was not related to surgeon experience. The incidence of complications was not related to species, age, disease, duration of surgery, surgeon experience or duration of thoracostomy tube placement. A low complication rate (5 per cent) was associated with thoracostomy tubes.
Clinical SignificanceThe approach of lateral thoracotomy has a minimal complication rate and animals with a disease requiring this approach have a high survival rate.

Tuesday, August 13, 2013

Queimaduras / Thermal injury

Compendium December 2011 (Vol 33, Issue 12)

Compendium December 2011 (Vol 33, Issue 12)

Thermal Injury

by Katie Frantz, DVM, Christopher G. Byers, DVM, DACVECC, DACVIM (SAIM)
    Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2011 Dec;33(12):E1. Review.

Abstract

This article addresses the pathophysiology of thermal burns, focusing on the complex inflammatory component, potential complications, and treatment strategies.

Thermal injury is a relatively uncommon presentation in veterinary medicine. Contact with an electric heating pad, a hot muffler of a motor vehicle, or an open flame is the most common inciting cause.1 Severe thermal injuries, particularly full-thickness burns exceeding 30% of total body surface area, provoke a profound systemic inflammatory response characterized by leukocyte activation and plasma leakage in the microvasculature of tissues or organs remote from the wound.2 Burns may be caused by exposure to heat (thermal burns), electricity, chemicals, or radiation.

Schematic diagram of burn model

Sunday, August 4, 2013

Citocinas como marcadores imunológicos para inflamação sistêmica em cães com piometra / Cytokines as immunological markers for systemic inflammation in dogs with pyometra

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Cytokines as Immunological Markers for Systemic Inflammation in Dogs with Pyometra

  1. I Karlsson1
  2. R Hagman2,*
  3. A Johannisson1
  4. L Wang1
  5. E Karlstam3
  6. S Wernersson1
Article first published online: 24 DEC 2012
DOI: 10.1111/rda.12034
Reproduction in Domestic Animals

Reproduction in Domestic Animals

Special Issue: Canine and Feline Reproduction VII: Reproductive Biology and Medicine of Domestic and Exotic Carnivores. Proceedings of the 7thQuadrennial International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction. Whistler, Canada. 26-29 July 2012.
Volume 47Issue Supplement s6pages 337–341,December 2012








Contents

Pyometra is a disease in dogs caused by bacterial infection of the uterus and resulting in SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) in nearly 6 of 10 cases. Clinical diagnostic criteria for SIRS are relatively unspecific, and biomarkers for the diagnosis of pyometra and SIRS in dogs are needed. Serum samples from 32 dogs were used in this study and grouped into dogs with pyometra and SIRS, dogs with pyometra without SIRS and healthy controls. The serum concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18 and TNF-α were measured using multiplex analyses. The serum concentrations of CRP (C-reactive protein) were determined using sandwich ELISA. IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-18 and TNF-α were detected in >94% of samples. IL-10 was detected in 28% of samples, and IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ were undetectable. Higher serum concentrations of IL-7 (p < 0.05) were detected in SIRS-positive dogs with pyometra (n = 13) as compared with healthy controls (n = 11). The concentrations of IL-8 were higher in SIRS-positive dogs with pyometra compared to the SIRS-negative group (n = 8; p < 0.05). Positive correlations of IL-15 with IL-18 (p < 0.0001) and with the concentrations of IL-7 (p < 0.0001 for both) were found, although there was no significant difference between groups. Furthermore, IL-15 correlated with concentrations of CRP (p < 0.05), which were higher in dogs with pyometra compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Our data suggest a role of several cytokines in the development of a systemic disease in dogs with pyometra and a possible diagnostic value for serum CRP, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-18 in canine SIRS caused by pyometra.